00396621 * * * * * Clinical Specialist, Xeloda/Erivedge – Denver, CO Job facts
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Sales
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United States – Colorado
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Pharmaceuticals
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Full time
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At the Roche Group, about 80,000 people across 150 countries are pushing back the frontiers of healthcare. Working together, we’ve become 1 of the world’s leading research-focused healthcare groups.
final accountability for the care given to assigned patients. When the need arises, will perform other
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80012 Aurora, USA
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Question by Chad L.: cHiCaGo????
I’m planning a “fieldtrip” for my organizations officers and we will be going to Chicago.
We will be taking 6 kids and 1 adult.
Where would be the best place to stay, remeber we’re on a “school” budget
Best answer:
Answer by youthpastor1955 No where in the loop. I would stay out by the airport and “train” it in.
What do you think? Answer below!
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Changes to Illinois DUI Laws: Consequences for Out-of-State Drivers
When lawmakers want to appear to be strong advocates of public safety, drunk drivers can be an easy target. Nationwide the penalties for drunk driving seem to be increasing without bound. Some states are merely increasing the potential punishments for all drunk drivers, while others are creating new laws specifically targeting highly intoxicated drivers. Consistently though, the trend is clear: the punishments are becoming more severe.
Illinois is no exception; beginning January 1, 2009, the penalties for driving under the influence of alcohol in Illinois changed substantially. All people arrested for drunk driving face harsher penalties than they did under the prior laws. For example, first-time offenders now lose their driving privileges for six months, rather than three months, even if they complied with the officer’s request and submitted a BAC level greater than .08.
However, these penalties do not affect everyone equally.
The changes to the laws governing driving privileges following an arrest for drunk driving have a particularly negative impact on individuals arrested for drunk driving in Illinois who have out-of-state licenses.
License Suspension for Illinois Drivers
When someone with an Illinois drivers’ license is arrested for DUI in the state, that person is subject to an automatic statutory summary suspension of driving privileges. This suspension is independent of any criminal charges for DUI and is administered by the Illinois Secretary of State. The length of the suspension depends on the individual’s prior history.
Generally an individual is not allowed to drive while his or her license is suspended. However, there is an exception to this rule. Under the new laws, a first offender with an Illinois driver’s license may obtain a Monitoring Device Driving Permit (MDDP). An MDDP allows a person who is subject to a statutory summary suspension to drive after only 31 days, as long as that person complies with certain requirements.
Notably, the MDDP requires the offender to have a Breath Alcohol Ignition Interlock Device (BAIID) installed in his or her vehicle. With a BAIID installed, the driver must submit to a breath test before the vehicle will start.
The MDDP is expensive and burdensome. The individual is responsible for all costs affiliated with the BAIID, including fees for installation, rental and monitoring. The BAIID must be inspected regularly and the driver must maintain records of any unusual incidents. However, ultimately this is less burdensome than the complete loss of driving privileges.
License Suspension for Out-of-State Drivers in Illinois
A different process applies to a person with an out-of-state drivers’ license arrested for DUI in Illinois. The state of Illinois lacks the authority to suspend an out-of-state drivers’ license; Illinois can only suspend driving privileges within its borders. Although an individual with an out-of-state license who is arrested for drunk driving in Illinois will generally be subject to a full license suspension, this suspension must come from the state that issued the license.
Because Illinois is not suspending the license, the state is also not offering an out-of-state driver the driving privileges permitted by an MDDP. The Secretary of State is only authorizing MDDPs for individuals with valid Illinois drivers’ licenses. Accordingly, individuals without valid Illinois drivers’ licenses have no option for the reinstatement of driving privileges in Illinois.
The Problems With This Disparate Treatment
This disparity may pose a significant problem for any out-of-state driver, but it is particularly burdensome for people who work in Illinois while living neighboring states. Many people employed in the Chicago area commute from Wisconsin or Indiana; on the western border, many people who live in St. Louis work in Illinois. The geography of the state ensures that many Illinois drivers do not reside inside the state’s borders.
Driving is a privilege, not a right. However, it is a very important privilege. For many people, driving is a means to sustenance and survival. For someone who lives in Indiana, Wisconsin or Missouri or Kentucky and works in Illinois, the inability to drive to work for six months is likely to force that person to stop working. Losing a job is difficult at any time, but this is especially true in the current economic climate.
The availability of the MDDP is an implicit recognition of the importance of driving. Despite the six-month license suspension for a first-time offender in Illinois, the new laws grant restricted driving privileges after 31 days. However, by failing to extend similar treatment to out-of-state first-time offenders, these laws are simply unfair.
Illinois can be a myriad of websites and sounds, history and multiculturalism, all blended harmoniously into what’s deemed a perfect microcosm in the U.s.. The exploding diversity with the north and Chicagoland balances perfectly with the wilderness and historic web sites with the south.
The key financial, cultural and industrial hub of Illinois, Chicago, is situated around the Great Lake Michigan. The rest with the state is largely bordered by key waterways, which includes the Mississippi River for the west as well as the Ohio River for the south. On account of its geographic location, Illinois has blossomed over the generations to become the unofficial funds in the Midwest area from the United states of america. Obtain a true style of America’s Heartland when you ebook your airfare to Illinois’ Inside Plains.
The Pleasure of Illinois: Chicago and Past
If you strategy your itinerary, don’t forget that Illinois is divided into six unique areas that each one offer a diverse flavor of the Midwest and so are greatest explored by vehicle. Southern Illinois isn’t brief of parks, recreation and open areas. The Shawnee Nationwide Forest, increasing amongst the Ohio along with the Mississippi Rivers, is really a 270,000 acre wilderness wonderland, full with rock climbing, horseback riding and observation towers. If you love wine, travel Illinois’ wine area inside the south. The Shawnee Hills Wine Trail provides an excellent tour of 5 wineries which might be easily accessible by auto.
Central Illinois is a notable mix of wonderful stops that will surely round out your travel to Illinois. Furthermore, it happens to become exactly where President Abraham Lincoln’s previous house as well as the state’s money is situated. In Springfield, have a stop at Seeking for Lincoln, an assortment of homes, structures and countryside where the sixteenth president in fact spent time. The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum can also be situated in the heart of Springfield. It is possible to also get your kicks in Central Illinois where the Historic Route 66 passes by way of the condition. Along the way, quit at the Amish Interpretive Middle for a glimpse into the daily life and history with the Old Purchase Amish community. The enjoyable is definitely not over yet; convince the kids that Santa does exist by going to Hardy’s Reindeer Ranch exactly where real Alaskan reindeer roam the grounds!
Chicagoland in Northern Illinois is an additional influential area. Immediately after you uncover inexpensive airfare to Illinois via O’Hare International Airport, you will discover your self within the true heart of the state. Stroll along the waterfront of Lake Michigan or get pleasure from world-class theater and eating. Chicago is the third most populous metropolis inside the United states and a historic center for America’s civil legal rights movements at the same time because the beginning and growth of present day audio, including jazz, blues and techno.
Witness the cultural melting pot that is certainly the Usa on a smaller scale. From hiking and fishing to historic sites and cosmopolitan exploits, vacation to Illinois is surely an all in 1 journey!
The crack cocaine industry in Chicago is thriving, according to the National Drug Intelligence Center (NDIC) who released its Drug Threat Assessment for the state of Illinois. Illinois is one of the largest states in the nation with approximately 13 million residents, therefore, being centrally located; Chicago is a central hub from which to export drugs to surrounding states.
Some of the main areas identified as sources of powdered cocaine into Chicago, are Texas California and Florida. Along with a couple of north-south routes, Arkansas’ I-40 corridor spans the state from west to east. Many individuals are apprehended on I-40 annually as they travel through the natural state on their way north to Chicago, where their cargo is unloaded, processed and distributed as crack.
The NDIC (2001) reported that “Treatment admissions for cocaine abuse in Illinois more than doubled between 1990 and 1997 and have stabilized at a high level.”(p.iii). There is no shortage of crack in Chicago, therefore, the problem can only be expected to intensify until the flow of the base product, powdered cocaine, can be stopped; a lofty goal at best. Law enforcement officials reported that the low price of one rock of crack cocaine was just $ 10 in 2001, and that was a clear indication of not only the mass availability of powdered cocaine, but also its purity. To illustrate this example of abundant supply; “the largest drug seizure in Chicago history took place in February 1999 when the Chicago Police Department confiscated over 1,100 kilograms of cocaine (street value $ 143 million) in the suburb of Crestwood” (NDIC, 2001, p.7).
One of the primary reasons the drug trade in Chicago is such a prosperous industry, is the massive volume of commercial freight which passes through the state. There are simply not enough resources to monitor commercial and private vehicles in a state which sees over $ 800 billion worth of legitimate freight each passing through it each year. (NDIC, 2001, p.1).
Columbians are apparently the primary suppliers of powdered cocaine into the United States, and with the help of mostly Mexican associates, they are successful in shipping billions of dollars worth of the drug each year. Oftentimes, the shipments are broken into smaller bundles to minimize detection, as well as cutting the risk of losing large amounts of the drug in one bust. According to the National Drug Intelligence Center, most of the offenders bringing the drugs into the country are paid off with cocaine instead of money, giving the Mexican groups themselves an ample supply for processing into crack. The trafficking system is highly functional too; “Mexican DTOs employ brokers based in Arizona, southern California, and south Texas to transport cocaine from the Southwest Border area to Chicago”(NDIC, 2001, p.9).
It is evident that the business of trafficking illegal drugs continues to be a problem for law enforcement officials and members of the public. Chicago, like Little Rock, has a high rate of violent crime, a growing number of students abusing and becoming addicted to crack cocaine, and an alarming number of babies being born who test positive for the substance. Sadly, the situation is expected to become worse before it gets better, but how much worse? Being a central hub of the United States, there seems to be no remedy at all for this problem.
Reference
National Drug Intelligence Center. (2003). Arkansas Drug Threat Assessment. Retrieved March 2009, from United States Department of Justice: http://www.usdoj.gov/ndic/pubs6/6184/6184p.pdf
National Drug Intelligence Center. (2001). Illinois Drug Threat Assessment. Retrieved March 2009, from United States Department of Justice: http://www.usdoj.gov/ndic/pubs/652/652p.pdf
Financial Markets And Corporate Social Responsibility
Financial markets are the driving force behind the world; they determine the actions of companies and the wealth of billions. Each day they go up and down dependant on numerous factors, however, whether social, environmental or sustainability issues (hereafter all will be referred to generically as social issues) are included in those factors is still unclear. This paper looks to examine whether financial markets are concerned with these issues and why we should care if they do or not. ?If certain actions (classified as socially responsible) tend to be negatively correlated with financial performance of firms, then managers might be advised to be cautious in this area. If, on the other hand, a positive relationship can be shown to exist, then management might be encouraged to pursue such activities with increased vigour or to investigate the underlying cause of the relationship? (Cochran & Wood, 1984). Firstly we will look at some evidence concerning the link between the markets and these issues and from it we come to the conclusion that markets in fact do not care, or respond, to social issues. We will then discuss why we may be concerned with these results; why should we care the markets do not react to these issues? Finally we will look at how we might get the markets to respond to these issues, one such way may be Elkington?s Triple Bottom Line.
There have been several different arguments concerning whether financial markets are affected by social issues. Some claim a negative relationship; their arguments state that the added costs of being responsible put them at a disadvantage to other comparable firms who have not been as socially responsible as them (Bragdon & Marlin, 1972; Vance, 1975). Contrasting this are those arguing a positive relationship (Anderson & Frankle, 1980; Bowman & Haire, 1975); Soloman & Hansen (1985) state that it can result in increased employee and customer goodwill. Others state that it can aid relationships with key institutions and people (banks, investors and the government for example) bringing with it economic benefits (Moussavi & Evans, 1986). One other argument for a positive relationship is that of Cornell & Shapiro (1987); their discussions on stakeholder theory lead to a conclusion that firms with an image of higher social responsibility have a better financial performance. Some simply conclude that it doesn?t matter either way; ?economic performance is not directly linked, in either a positive or negative fashion, to social responsiveness? (Arlow & Gannon, 1982).
With so many conflicting arguments and varying methods of research done, it can be hard to find the real truth to discuss. Primarily for simplicity we have selected the conclusions of Murray et al. (2006) as the basis of this discussion. Their methods take into account and build upon the research done before them; this gives them a greater degree of accuracy in their results. They also undertake a longitudinal examination of the trend as a result of the arguments by Gray et al. (2001) that a relationship is more likely to be seen over time rather than at one point in time. The specific link this study focussed on was that between the behaviour of the stock market (the share price returns for the company) and social disclosure (the data reported by that company). The data sets used were subjected to several statistical tests and the Pearson Correlation (used to test for a linear association) and the Chi-Squared test (used to test for a non-linear association) resulted in the conclusion ?no relationship, either linear or non-linear, however, emerges from an analysis of the findings? (Murray et al., 2006). It would appear from their findings that markets do not appear to care about social issues; of the many different factors that change the market they are not one of them. So why is it a concern to us whether the markets care about these issues? Well, if it could be shown that these disclosures can start to affect the markets then a viable case can be included with the moral case that ?substantive social and environmental disclosure needs to become a regular, significant and regulated part of corporate disclosure? (Murray et al., 2006). From this we can consider, like Schmidheiny & Zorraquin (1996), that financial markets may be a key driver for global sustainability.
Considering some evidence, this conclusion may not seem too unexpected. Traditionally, investors are still assumed to be concerned with nothing but maximising their risk-adjusted returns (Benston (1982); Skogsvik (1998); Rivoli (1995)). ?Under such an assumption, there is no immediate or obvious reason for shareholders to have any interest in the social and/or environmental aspects of their investment ? except insofar as those aspects represent a potential risk to the investment or whose disclosure can be taken as signals about the competence of management (Neu et al., 1998; Hufsted, 2000; Orlitzky and Benjamin, 2001; Milne and Patten, 2002)? (Murray et al., 2006).
Considering that the markets, in fact, do not care about these social issues, why is it that companies dedicate so much to producing these social disclosures. As Murray et al. (2006) suggests; it appears simply wasteful of the management to produce these reports considering that they do not affect the share price (the financial markets). They comment that this wastefulness ?would fly directly in the face of ?conventional? market wisdom? (see, Friedman?s (1962, 1970) comments concerning this) without it being proven that these reports can affect share price and the markets. They put forth some musings on how these reports may be deemed useful; ?Could such data represent signals to the investor? Could the signal suggest that, for example, the company is aware of potential social or environmental costs and has taken steps to manage them? Could it be that it is aware of the actions of pressure groups and has responded to avoid potential problems? Perhaps it signals awareness of growing liabilities on which the company is acting accordingly or suggests that the company is managing and exploiting its high level of reputation with niche consumer groups? (Murray et al., 2006). The market needs to be changed to take into account these factors.
One way we may affect change of market behaviour is by educating the financial markets. Through various methods (new law, change of regulation etc.) the markets can be taught to take into account these social issues. ?Corporate social responsibility (CSR) can only take root when it is rewarded by the financial markets? (Frankental, 2001).
One possible way of doing this is through a change in the accounting system. As the current system stands companies are mainly evaluated on financial indicators (profits etc.) and, as we have seen, not on any social indicators. Were they to be audited on these social indicators as well as the financial then the market would take notice of this and respond to it. John Elkington (1997) proposed that companies be judged on what he called the Triple Bottom Line. The bottom line is normally known simply as a company?s net profit or loss. What Elkington suggested was that as well as this financial bottom line there should also be an environmental and social bottom line. ?The idea behind the [triple bottom line] paradigm is that a corporation?s ultimate success or health can and should be measured not just by the traditional financial bottom line, but also by its social/ethical and environmental performance? (Norman & MacDonald, 2003). Through these additional bottom lines the markets take into account more than the financials of a company. ?The significance of the triple bottom line is that if companies are audited according to their environmental and social impact, and penalised if they do not perform, along the principle of ?the polluter pays?, then financial markets will begin to judge companies according to their wider impact on society. Share prices will then positively reflect the ethical dimensions of a company?s operations? (Frankental, 2001).
Elkington discusses 7 revolutions in his book, the first of these concerns the markets. He states ?Revolution I has been building for many years. It focuses on the use of market mechanisms, rather than traditional command-and-control measures, to deliver improved performance against environmental and broader sustainability targets? (Elkington, 1997). According to him we now recognize that to get to a sustainable economy we need to depend on the ?motivation, ambitions, and performance of corporations ?and on the restructuring of the markets which they serve? (Elkington, 1997).
Elkingtons way is just one of several that could be considered to make markets pay attention to social issues. It is not necessarily the best option, just the example chosen, and has, as does most things, its criticisms. One being how exactly these additional bottom lines are to be measured. How can the various factors that are said to contribute to these bottom lines be given a number. The traditional bottom line is found by subtracting the costs from the earnings; the bad from the good. Who is to determine which parts of the social and environmental accounts are bad and good? Losing the life of an employee in simple terms is bad. When compared with others in the same sector, however, it may in fact be good; every other firm in the sector may be have lost 50 lives in which case one seems almost good. One other issue of the triple bottom line is that of a common unit of currency. The financial bottom line has a common unit of currency; monetary. What common unit of currency could be used to compare each of the different aspects involved in the other two bottom lines? What unit can be used that is comparable with both pollution levels and charitable giving, for example? These are just some issues that need to be resolved if the triple bottom line is to be fully considered as the answer to the problem of making markets listen.
According to Murray et al. (2006) the financial markets simply do not care about the current social issues and according to Frankental (2001) companies will only care about the social issues when the markets care about social issues. It is a problem that has been discussed researched and debated for years. A solution needs to be found to correct this in order to affect change in society. Ideas have been proposed to make the markets aware of the social issues and not just the financial, the triple bottom line being our example, but they aren?t perfect and still have a considerable way to come before being considered viable solutions. A lot more needs to be done.
Bibliography
Anderson, J. C., & Frankle, A. W. (1980). Voluntary Social Reporting: An Iso-Beta Portfolio Analysis. The Accounting Review, 55 (3), 467-479.
Arlow, P., & Gannon, M. J. (1982). Social Responsiveness, Corporate Structure and Economic Performance. Academy of Management Review, 7, 235-241.
Benston, G. J. (1982). An Analysis of the Role of Accounting Standards for Enhancing Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 1 (1), 5-18.
Bowman, E. H., & Haire, M. (1975). A Strategic Posture Towards Corporate Social Responsibility. California Management Review, 18 (2), 49-58.
Bragdon, J. H., & Marlin, J. (1972). Is Pollution Profitable. Risk Management, 19 (4), 9-18.
Cochran, P. L., & Wood, R. A. (1984). Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 27 (1), 42-56.
Cornell, B., & Shapiro, A. (1987). Corporate Stakeholders and Corporate Finance. Financial Management, 16, 5-14.
Elkington, J. (1997). Cannibals with Forks; The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business. Capstone: Oxford.
Frankental, P. (2001). Corporate Social Responsibility – a PR Invention? Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 6 (1), 18-23.
Friedman, M. (1970, Sept 13). A Friedman Doctrine: The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits. The New York Times Magazine , pp. 32, 33, 122, 124, 126.
Friedman, M. (1962). Capitalism and Freedom. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Gray, R. H., Javad, M., Power, D. M., & Sinclair, C. D. (2001). Social and Environmental Disclosure and Corporate Characteristics: a Research Note. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 28, 327-356.
Hustead, B. W. (2000). A Contingency Theory of Corporate Social Performance. Business and Society, 39 (1), 24-48.
Milne, M. J., & Patten, D. M. (2002). Securing Organizational Legitimacy: an Experimental. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 15 (3), 372-405.
Moussavi, F., & Evans, D. (1986). An Attributional Approach to Measuring Corporate Social Performance. Paper Presented at the Academy of Management Meetings, San Diego .
Murray, A., Sinclair, D., Power, D., & Gray, R. (2006). Do Financial Markets Care About Social and Environmental Disclosure. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 19 (2), 228-255.
Neu, D., Warsame, H., & Pedwell, K. (1998). Managing Public Impressions: Environmental Disclosures in Annual Reports. Accounting Organizations and Societies, 23 (3), 265-282.
Norman, W., & MacDonald, C. (2003, March). Getting to the Bottom of the “Triple Bottom Line”. Business Ethics Quarterly .
Orlitzky, M., & Benjamin, J. D. (2001). Corporate Social Performance and Firm Risk: a Meta-Analytical Review. Business and Society, 40 (4), 369-296.
Rivoli, P. (1995). Ethical Aspects of Investor Behaviour. Journal of Business Ethics, 14 (4), 265-277.
Schmidheiny, S., & Zorraquin, F. J. (1996). Financing Change: The Financial Community, Eco-Efficiency and Sustainable Development. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Skogsvik, K. (1998). Conservative Accounting Principles, Equity Valuation and The Importance of Voluntary Disclosure. British Accounting Review, 30 (4), 361-382.
Soloman, R., & Hansen, K. (1985). It’s Good Business. New York: Atheneum.
Ullmann, A. E. (1985). Data in Search of a Theory: A Critical Examintation of the Relationships Among Social Performance, Social Disclosure and Economic Performance of US Firms. Academy of Management Review, 10 (3), 540-557.
Vance, S. (1975). Are Socially Resonsible Firms Good Investment Risks? Management Review, 64, 18-24.
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I love how photographs can, with equal ease, capture a human moment, document the world at a precise spot in time, or create art from a mundane tableau. These 20 favorites from last year encompass that range. I hope you will find them enjoyable as well.
Use the links (below) to take you to the original Flickr pages.
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